{"id":4296,"date":"2022-08-26T11:00:53","date_gmt":"2022-08-26T10:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/?page_id=4296"},"modified":"2022-08-26T11:01:06","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T10:01:06","slug":"m3-stuart","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/?page_id=4296","title":{"rendered":"M3 Stuart"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_4299\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1080px-Operational_M3.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"1080\" data-lbwps-height=\"720\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1080px-Operational_M3-300x200.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4299\" class=\"wp-image-4299 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1080px-Operational_M3-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Lehk\u00fd tank M3 Stuart\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1080px-Operational_M3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1080px-Operational_M3-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1080px-Operational_M3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1080px-Operational_M3.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4299\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">M3 Stuart na vojensk\u00e9 akci v Kradolfu ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku v roce 2010. Autor: <a href=\"https:\/\/flickr.com\/people\/70981241@N00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kecko<\/a> \u2013 originally posted to <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Flickr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flickr<\/a> as <a href=\"https:\/\/flickr.com\/photos\/70981241@N00\/4733600565\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Operational M3<\/a>, <a title=\"Creative Commons Attribution 2.0\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=10797713\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=10797713<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>V roce 1939 byl stav tankov\u00fdch vojsk Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f tristn\u00ed. Jen pro orientaci &#8211; Polsko m\u011blo v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1939, kdy bylo napadeno, kolem 700 tank\u016f. Podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed USA jich m\u011bly necel\u00fdch 400. Nav\u00edc byla v\u011bt\u0161ina beznad\u011bjn\u011b zastaral\u00e1. Za tuto situaci byla zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 doktr\u00edna. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty byly izolacionistick\u00e9 a pom\u011brn\u011b pacifistick\u00e9. Hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1rukou bezpe\u010dnosti bylo n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo, pozemn\u00ed vojsko nebylo a\u017e tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. A tanky u\u017e teprve ne. T\u00edm se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k dal\u0161\u00edmu faktoru, kter\u00fd m\u011bl vliv na podobu tank\u016f. T\u00edm byla taktika nasazen\u00ed tank\u016f. Ta byla vlastn\u011b podobn\u00e1 taktice francouzsk\u00e9, nebo anglick\u00e9. Zat\u00edmco p\u011bchota by si p\u0159edstavovala pohyblivou pevn\u016fstku, kter\u00e1 by rychlost\u00ed klusaj\u00edc\u00edho p\u011b\u0161\u00e1ka onoho p\u011b\u0161\u00e1ka podporovala, kavalerie zase kovov\u00e9ho kon\u011b, kter\u00fd by plnil kavaleristick\u00e9 \u00fakoly, tedy pr\u016fzkum, rychl\u00e9 obchvaty, nebo pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed prchaj\u00edc\u00edho nep\u0159\u00edtele. Po n\u011bkolika slep\u00fdch uli\u010dk\u00e1ch vznikl st\u0159edn\u00ed tank M2. Z toho vznik\u00e1 jak st\u0159edn\u00ed tank M3 Lee, tak i lehk\u00fd tank M3 Stuart. Ten m\u011bl k M2 bl\u00ed\u017ee, ne\u017e podstatn\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed Lee.<br \/>\nP\u016fvodn\u00ed M2 byl dvouv\u011b\u017eov\u00fd, s kulometnou v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed. Efektivitu kulometn\u00fdch tank\u016f v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zala v\u00e1lka ve \u0160pan\u011blsku. Proti d\u011bl\u016fm vyzbrojen\u00fdm sov\u011btsk\u00fdm tank\u016fm nem\u011bly \u0161anci. To byl prvn\u00ed impuls ke zm\u011bn\u011b. Zpr\u00e1va pozorovatel\u016f vedla k pos\u00edlen\u00ed panc\u00ed\u0159e, ale zejm\u00e9na k osazen\u00ed tanku d\u011blem r\u00e1\u017ee 37mm. Byl to ale je\u0161t\u011b po\u0159\u00e1d M2. S nov\u00fdm d\u011blem byly zapracov\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny, co\u017e fakticky znamenalo nov\u00fd typ.<br \/>\nZm\u011bny se odehr\u00e1lymimo jin\u00e9 na podvozku, ale viditeln\u00e9 byly i na v\u011b\u017ei. Ta byla p\u016fvodn\u011b n\u00fdtovan\u00e1. P\u0159i z\u00e1sahu se v\u0161ak na vnit\u0159n\u00ed stran\u011b uvol\u0148ovaly n\u00fdty, kter\u00e9 se pak chovaly jako projektily. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i se sna\u017eili probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it zm\u011bnou tvaru, nakonec bylo s\u00e1hnuto po zm\u011bn\u011b technologie. U sva\u0159ovan\u00e9ho panc\u00ed\u0159e panovaly zprvu jist\u00e9 obavy z degradace materi\u00e1lu sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm. Ty se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zaly plan\u00fdmi, skute\u010dn\u00e1 degradace materi\u00e1lu byla naprosto zanedbateln\u00e1. A nav\u00edc, krom\u011b odstran\u011bn\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00fdt\u016f, byla sva\u0159ovan\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e prostorn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nebo\u0165 zmizela nosn\u00e1 konstrukce, na kterou se p\u016fvodn\u011b pl\u00e1ty n\u00fdtovaly. Nov\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e byla samonosn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4300\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/978px-M3-Stuart-Buna-1.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"978\" data-lbwps-height=\"720\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/978px-M3-Stuart-Buna-1-300x221.jpg\" data-lbwps-caption=\"FSA\/8b08000\/8b081008b08117a.tif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4300\" class=\"wp-image-4300 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/978px-M3-Stuart-Buna-1-300x221.jpg\" alt=\"Lehk\u00fd tank M3 Stuart\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/978px-M3-Stuart-Buna-1-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/978px-M3-Stuart-Buna-1-768x565.jpg 768w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/978px-M3-Stuart-Buna-1.jpg 978w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4300\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Australsk\u00fd Stuart b\u011bhem kone\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fatoku na Bunu, jej\u00edm\u017e dobyt\u00edm (za cenu velk\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t) de facto skon\u010dily boje o Kokodskou cestu. Voln\u00e9 d\u00edlo, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=596589\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=596589<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Tank poh\u00e1n\u011bl motor letadla, kter\u00e9 bylo symbolem podobn\u00e9 doby, ve kter\u00e9 Stuart vznikal. Byl j\u00edm Boeing Stearman PT-17. Motor Continental R-670 byl z\u00e1\u017eehov\u00fd hv\u011bzdicov\u00fd sedmiv\u00e1lec o v\u00fdkonu 250 kon\u00ed. V \u010d\u00e1sti stroj\u016f se pozd\u011bji objevil dieselov\u00fd, takt\u00e9\u017e hv\u011bzdicov\u00fd, tentokr\u00e1t dev\u00edtiv\u00e1lec Guiberson T-1020, o v\u00fdkonu jen o 5 kon\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm. Za\u010dal vznikat jeden z nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tank\u016f, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak za\u010d\u00ednalo b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9, \u017ee to nebude hlavn\u00ed tahoun boj\u016f. V\u00fdvoj v\u00e1lky v Evrop\u011b d\u00e1val jasn\u011b najevo, \u017ee Stuart bude pro evropsk\u00e9 boji\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 lehk\u00fd. Ale jinde byla situace jin\u00e1. To v\u0161ak p\u0159edb\u00edh\u00e1m. Zat\u00edm se Stuart teprve rod\u00ed. A vyv\u00edj\u00ed. D\u011blo bylo nahrazeno v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, stejn\u00e9 r\u00e1\u017ee, ale s dlouhou hlavn\u00ed. Miz\u00ed kulomety v roz\u00edch n\u00e1stavby, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jeden kulomet v p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti. Roste s\u00edla panc\u00ed\u0159e, kryty pr\u016fzor\u016f na v\u011b\u017ei s pozorovac\u00ed \u0161t\u011bbinou nahrazuj\u00ed protektoskopy. zvenku vypadaj\u00ed trochu podobn\u011b, ale jednoduch\u00e1 \u0161t\u011brbina je nahrazena periskopem, tak\u017ee p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m z\u00e1sahu st\u0159epinou nehroz\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed pos\u00e1dky. V\u011b\u017e v\u016fbec projde mnoha verzemi, ne\u017e dosp\u011bje k fin\u00e1ln\u00edmu tvaru, kter\u00fd se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed od roku 1942. Je snadno poznateln\u00fd, nebo\u0165 postr\u00e1d\u00e1 velitelskou v\u011b\u017ei\u010dku. Zhruba ve stejnou dobu se tak\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed objevovat na horn\u00edm pl\u00e1tu v zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti vozidla p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Tank m\u00e1 toti\u017e na intern\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee dojezd jen 112 km (145 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dieselu) a to po silnici. v ter\u00e9nu, jak zn\u00e1mo, spot\u0159eba roste&#8230; Tyto n\u00e1dr\u017ee se daly odhodit zata\u017een\u00edm za bowden zevnit\u0159 tanku, p\u0159ece jen, extern\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e v boji, zejm\u00e9na u z\u00e1\u017eehov\u00fdch motor\u016f, znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed vzplanut\u00ed p\u0159i z\u00e1sahu. Le\u010d s nimi se dojezd zv\u00fd\u0161il na dvojn\u00e1sobek.<br \/>\nTank M3A3 Stuart Hodn\u011b Stuart\u016f poskytli Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 Brit\u016fm. Ti se na n\u011b, aspo\u0148 co se \u0159adov\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f t\u00fd\u010de, zpo\u010d\u00e1tku moc netv\u00e1\u0159ili, ale postupn\u011b si je Stuarty z\u00edskaly. Nebyly sice b\u016fhv\u00edjak vyzbrojen\u00e9 a panc\u00e9\u0159ovan\u00e9, ale byly spolehliv\u00e9 a ani pou\u0161tn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed na n\u011b nem\u011blo zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zhoubn\u00fd vliv. To bylo p\u0159i dlouh\u00fdch pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch mis\u00edch zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Brit\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci tak brzy p\u0159ejmenovali Stuarta na Honey, tedy mil\u00e1\u010dka, drahou\u0161ka. Co se t\u00fd\u010de bojov\u00fdch kvalit, tak ve v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e9, pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 roli se pln\u011b osv\u011bd\u010dily. Kdy\u017e je zkusili nasadit na podporu p\u011bchoty, bylo to hor\u0161\u00ed. Stuarty byly bity nejen d\u00edky slabs\u00edmu panc\u00ed\u0159i a zbrani, ale zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky lep\u0161\u00edmu vyu\u017eit\u00ed schopnost\u00ed pos\u00e1dky. Zn\u00ed to velmi tajemn\u011b, ale v podstat\u011b \u0161lo o to, \u017ee podobn\u011b jako u francouzsk\u00fdch tank\u016f zde doch\u00e1zelo k p\u0159et\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed velitele, kter\u00fd krom\u011b velen\u00ed a vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f tak\u00e9 nab\u00edjel a st\u0159\u00edlel. V tom byli N\u011bmci efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji to zejm\u00e9na Britov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161ili p\u0159esunut\u00edm pomocn\u00e9ho \u0159idi\u010de na m\u00edsto st\u0159elce. To v\u0161ak znamenalo \u00fapravu ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se musela prov\u00e9st v poln\u00edch d\u00edln\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4301\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-783-0107-14A_Nordafrika_amerikanischer_Panzer_M3_-Stuart-.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"800\" data-lbwps-height=\"534\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-783-0107-14A_Nordafrika_amerikanischer_Panzer_M3_-Stuart--300x200.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4301\" class=\"wp-image-4301 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-783-0107-14A_Nordafrika_amerikanischer_Panzer_M3_-Stuart--300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Vy\u0159azen\u00fd lehk\u00fd tank M3 Stuart\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-783-0107-14A_Nordafrika_amerikanischer_Panzer_M3_-Stuart--300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-783-0107-14A_Nordafrika_amerikanischer_Panzer_M3_-Stuart--768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-783-0107-14A_Nordafrika_amerikanischer_Panzer_M3_-Stuart-.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4301\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Britsk\u00fd M3 Stuart vy\u0159azen\u00fd p\u0159i boj\u00edch v severn\u00ed Africe. Autor: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-783-0107-14A \/ Dorsen \/ CC-BY-SA 3.0, <a title=\"Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 de\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/de\/deed.en\">CC BY-SA 3.0 de<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=5413672\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=5413672<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Britov\u00e9 Stuarty v pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 roli d\u00e1le upravovali, na blatn\u00edky byly upevn\u011bny kryty, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1nily v\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed p\u00edsku. Velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 byla speci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stavba, nebo chcete-li kryt, kter\u00fd maskoval tank jako n\u00e1kla\u010f\u00e1k (tahle \u00faprava se mi moc l\u00edb\u00ed, n\u011bkdy bych si r\u00e1d podobn\u00e9ho Stuarta postavil jako model). M\u00edsto po kulometech na boc\u00edch zabrala munice, na korbu tanku dr\u017e\u00e1ky kanystr\u016f na vodu, do v\u00fdbavy pak t\u0159eba sada na va\u0159en\u00ed. V Africe se N\u011bmc\u016fm poda\u0159ilo n\u011bkolik jich uko\u0159istit, a nasadit jako PzKpfw M3 747(a) (\u201ea\u201c jako amerikanisch).<br \/>\nStuarty pou\u017e\u00edvala i Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da. Narazila na podobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, jako Britov\u00e9. Logicky musela, nebo\u0165 ud\u011blala stejnou chybu. Pokusila se pou\u017e\u00edvat Stuarty nad r\u00e1mec v\u00fdkon\u016f a s\u00edly. K tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1valy probl\u00e9my s motory, nebo\u0165 nekvalitn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fd benzin zan\u00e1\u0161el sv\u00ed\u010dky. Sov\u011bti dostali Stuart\u016f omezen\u00fd po\u010det. Bojovaly tak v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b od Stalingradu k bitv\u011b u Kurska. U Stalingradu se nav\u00edc hodilo, \u017ee do SSSR putovaly p\u0159es \u00cdr\u00e1n. Od Kurska byly nahrazov\u00e1ny dom\u00e1c\u00edmi T-70, a jejich ztr\u00e1ty a\u017e do spot\u0159ebov\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e nebyly kompenzov\u00e1ny.<br \/>\nStuarty si tak\u00e9 zabojovaly v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed. Poprv\u00e9 p\u0159i Japonsk\u00e9m postupu a podruh\u00e9 p\u0159i postupu americk\u00e9m. P\u0159i tom prvn\u00edm se poda\u0159ilo Japonc\u016fm n\u011bjak\u00e9 uko\u0159istit, a Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 p\u0159i sv\u00e9m ta\u017een\u00ed v podstat\u011b a\u017e do konce boj\u016f nar\u00e1\u017eeli tu a tam na sv\u00e9 stroje v barv\u00e1ch nep\u0159\u00edtele.<br \/>\nV pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 1941 byl Stuart modernizov\u00e1n. V\u011b\u017e dostala hydraulick\u00fd pohon, d\u011blo pak stabilizaci. Dal\u0161\u00ed inovac\u00ed bylo pevn\u00e9 dno v\u011b\u017ee, co\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011b uleh\u010dilo \u017eivot pos\u00e1dce v\u011b\u017ee. Z korby definitivn\u011b miz\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00ed kulomety. Jsou upraveny p\u0159\u00edklopy, kter\u00fdmi mohla pos\u00e1dka zasa\u017een\u00e9ho Stuarta sn\u00e1ze opustit vozidlo. Objevuje se zaj\u00edmav\u00fd zlep\u0161ov\u00e1k, vedouc\u00ed k \u00faspo\u0159e paliva. Pakli\u017ee byl Stuart v palebn\u00e9m postaven\u00ed, nemusel se spou\u0161t\u011bt motor, nebo\u0165 byl instalov\u00e1n pomocn\u00fd, podstatn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed agreg\u00e1t, kter\u00fd poh\u00e1n\u011bl hydrauliku v\u011b\u017ee a z\u00e1soboval tank elekt\u0159inou. Takto upraven\u00fd Stuart dost\u00e1v\u00e1 ozna\u010den\u00ed M3A1 a vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se od kv\u011btna 1942.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4302\" style=\"width: 247px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Chinese_troops_on_Stuart_tanks_Ledo_road.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"631\" data-lbwps-height=\"800\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Chinese_troops_on_Stuart_tanks_Ledo_road-237x300.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4302\" class=\"wp-image-4302 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Chinese_troops_on_Stuart_tanks_Ledo_road-237x300.jpg\" alt=\"Lehk\u00fd tank M3A3 Stuart\" width=\"237\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Chinese_troops_on_Stuart_tanks_Ledo_road-237x300.jpg 237w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Chinese_troops_on_Stuart_tanks_Ledo_road.jpg 631w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 237px) 100vw, 237px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4302\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 Stuarty M3A3 na Ledsk\u00e9 cest\u011b, kter\u00e1 propojovala Barmu s \u010c\u00ednou. Autor: US official photographer \u2013 This is photograph <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwm.org.uk\/collections\/search?query=CBI+53293\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBI 53293<\/a> from the collections of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwm.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Imperial War Museums<\/a> (collection no. 4700-06), Voln\u00e9 d\u00edlo, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=1759861\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=1759861<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Tank M5 Stuart Verze M3A3 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 korbu M5, t\u00edm se z\u00edskala lep\u0161\u00ed ochrana p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti tanku a tak\u00e9 v\u00edce prostoru pro pos\u00e1dku. Nov\u00e1 byla i v\u011b\u017e. D\u00edky nov\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bsu kan\u00f3nu do\u0161lo ke zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed st\u0159elby. Stroj byl o dv\u011b tuny t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e p\u0159edchoz\u00ed verze, do\u0161lo tak i k p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159evodovky. D\u00edky jin\u00e9mu p\u0159evodov\u00e9mu pom\u011bru byl tank pomalej\u0161\u00ed, co se maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlosti t\u00fd\u010de, ale vlastnosti v ter\u00e9nu z\u016fstaly zachov\u00e1ny. Na b\u00e1zi tanku M3A3 se experimentovalo s ochranou proti magnetick\u00fdm min\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali zejm\u00e9na Japonci. Tank byl na v\u0161ech ploch\u00e1ch opat\u0159en bodlinami, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159ily pl\u00e1ty s nava\u0159en\u00fdmi h\u0159eby. Modifikace to byla vizu\u00e1ln\u011b velice zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 (proto na ni upozor\u0148uji), nebyla v\u0161ak \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1. Cel\u00e9 to bylo t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 a vadilo to p\u0159i rozhl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed periskopem. O pohybu po povrchu tanku ani nemluv\u011b.<br \/>\nM3 se d\u00e1le vyv\u00edjel ve Stuarta M5. To je v\u0161ak jin\u00e1 kapitola, a cht\u011bl bych se j\u00ed v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165. \u010cemu se ale v\u011bnovat m\u016f\u017eu, jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1stavby na podvozku M3. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, n\u011bkter\u00e9 ne. Mezi ty ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed pokus o instalaci houfnice r\u00e1\u017ee 75mm. Po prototypov\u00fdch zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch se ve v\u00fdvoji nepokra\u010dovalo. M\u00edsto toho s\u00e1hla arm\u00e1da po samohybn\u00e9 houfnici M8. Ta paradoxn\u011b tak\u00e9 vy\u0161la ze Stuarta, ale nakonec M5. Nedo\u0161lo ani k v\u00fdrob\u011b protiletadlov\u00e9 varianty. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 byla naopak z\u00e1stavba plamenometu. Ten nahradil korbov\u00fd kulomet a plamenometn\u00fd Stuart se stal v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed cenn\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkem. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 byl plamenomet montov\u00e1n i m\u00edsto d\u011bla. To d\u00e1valo tanku v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti v boji. A d\u011blo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed nechyb\u011blo. Na podvozku Stuarta M3 znikaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 taha\u010de. M4, M5 a v notn\u011b upraven\u00e9 podob\u011b i M6.<br \/>\nZa dva roky, od roku 1941 do roku 1943, se vyrobil v\u00edce ne\u017e 13 000 Stuart\u016f v\u0161ech verz\u00ed a subverz\u00ed M3. Jedn\u00e1 se tak o nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lehk\u00fd tank za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v\u016fbec. Stuarty byly platn\u00fdmi pomocn\u00edky proti Japonc\u016fm v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed a p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m nasazen\u00ed i v Evrop\u011b a Africe proti N\u011bmc\u016fm. V roce 1943 jej za\u010dal nahrazovat Stuart M5 a ji\u017e od roku 1944 oba Stuarty, jak M3, tak M5, pak v\u00fdrazn\u011b modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed M 24 Chaffee.<\/p>\n<p>Technick\u00e9 \u00fadaje M3 Stuart:<\/p>\n<p>Pos\u00e1dka: 4 mu\u017ei<br \/>\nD\u00e9lka: 4,50 m<br \/>\n\u0160\u00ed\u0159ka: 2,46 m<br \/>\nV\u00fd\u0161ka: 2,30 m<br \/>\nHmotnost: 14,7 t<br \/>\nMotor: Motor\u016f bylo n\u011bkolik, bu\u010fto hv\u011bzdicov\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eehov\u00fd vzduchem chlazen\u00fd sedmiv\u00e1lec Continental W-670 o v\u00fdkonu 250 kon\u00ed, nebo hv\u011bzdicov\u00fd vzn\u011btov\u00fd vzduchem chlazen\u00fd dev\u00edtiv\u00e1lec Guiberson T-1020, o v\u00fdkonu 245 kon\u00ed.<br \/>\nV\u00fdzbroj: 1x kanon M5 r\u00e1\u017ee 37 mm, 3x (d\u0159\u00edve 5x) kulomet Mb 1919A4 r\u00e1\u017ee .30&#8243;<br \/>\nMax. rychlost: 58 km\/h po silnici<br \/>\nDojezd 120 km po silnici bez p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Stuart ze stavebnice Mirage byl obtiskov\u00fdm ar\u0161\u00edkem p\u0159edur\u010den k africk\u00e9 kampani, k prvn\u00ed obrn\u011bn\u00e9 divizi Old Ironsides, ale osud rozhodl jinak. Obtisky ne\u0161ly pou\u017e\u00edt a tak jsem se nakonec rozhodl Stuarta zasadit do boji\u0161t\u011b, do kter\u00e9ho jsem s n\u00edm od za\u010d\u00e1tku po\u010d\u00edtal. Tedy do Tichomo\u0159\u00ed. Stroj jsem stylizoval podle fotografie z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho muzea, nalezen\u00e9 na internetu. Stroj je olivov\u011b zelen\u00fd, zapr\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd olejov\u00fdm filtrem, napodobuj\u00edc\u00edm sv\u011btl\u00fd prach. Zhruba v t\u00e9to podob\u011b mohl tedy vypadat Stuart M3, bojuj\u00edc\u00ed na Saipanu v roce 1944.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-4296 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7973.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7973-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7973-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7973.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2267'>\n\t\t\t\tHotovo\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7971.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7971-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7971-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7971.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7974.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7974-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7974-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7974.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7975.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7975-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7975-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7975.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7976.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7976-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7976-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCF7976.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V roce 1939 byl stav tankov\u00fdch vojsk Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f tristn\u00ed. Jen pro orientaci &#8211; Polsko m\u011blo v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1939, kdy bylo napadeno, kolem 700 tank\u016f. Podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed USA jich m\u011bly necel\u00fdch 400. Nav\u00edc byla v\u011bt\u0161ina beznad\u011bjn\u011b zastaral\u00e1. Za tuto situaci byla zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 doktr\u00edna. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty byly izolacionistick\u00e9 a pom\u011brn\u011b pacifistick\u00e9. Hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1rukou bezpe\u010dnosti bylo [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10220386115517633_159495058025748":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4296","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4296"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4304,"href":"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4296\/revisions\/4304"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modely-galerie.dark-net.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}